2026年2月19日 上午11:02 UTC / 路透社
- 加州提起诉讼称，特朗普非法剥夺了该州限制汽车污染的权力
- 若加州胜诉，汽车制造商可能面临联邦与加州电动汽车法规的冲突
- 另外11个州效仿加州的零排放车辆规定，使法律争议升级
洛杉矶，2月19日（路透社）- 特朗普政府与加州在汽车污染法规方面的法律冲突正愈演愈烈，这对包括特斯拉在内的电动汽车制造商以及依赖化石燃料汽车的传统车企产生重大财务影响。
加州正在挑战国会共和党人一项非常规举措：废除允许该州制定自身排放标准的豁免权。若加州胜诉，美国汽车制造商可能被迫遵守两套完全对立的监管方案：唐纳德·特朗普总统的反电动汽车政策和加州的亲电动汽车政策（另有11个州已采纳该政策）。
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加州计划要求汽车制造商到2035年销售100%电动汽车或其他零排放车辆，并设定了今年开始的激进中期目标。相比之下，特朗普政府已取消联邦电动汽车补贴和政策激励措施，导致全美电动汽车销量大幅下滑。
数十年来，加州在两党联邦支持下制定了更严格的汽车污染规则。在最近的民主党政府时期，这些规则与联邦推动电动汽车和更节能车辆的政策基本一致。
如今，加州和联邦法规正背道而驰。特朗普在第一任期内放松了部分排放法规，但这些举措被民主党总统乔·拜登推翻。如今在其第二任期，特朗普正采取“焦土政策”削减联邦对电动汽车的支持。
国会共和党人去年取消了每辆电动汽车7500美元的补贴，并取消了对车企未达到燃油效率标准的处罚。特朗普政府的环境保护署（EPA）上周推翻了奥巴马政府关于温室气体排放危害人类健康的科学结论——这是2010年首次实施的EPA车辆污染规则的基础。[图片2]
废除加州豁免权是特朗普战略的关键，但加州的诉讼称国会此举违法。联邦政府已提出驳回诉讼的动议，听证会定于周四在加州奥克兰联邦法院举行。
加州辩称，特朗普政府的EPA和国会使用“偷梁换柱”的手法，将加州的豁免权重新归类为行政“规则”，可根据《国会审查法》推翻。EPA在以往加州相关裁决中指出，该豁免权“不是规则”且《国会审查法》“不适用”——这是加州诉讼的核心论点。
若联邦政府胜诉，传统车企在加州及其他11个州（合计占美国新车销量29%）面临的销售亏损电动汽车的压力将减小。根据数据提供商S&P Global Mobility的数据，特斯拉和其他电动汽车制造商可能因向其他车企出售合规所需的监管信用额度而失去关键收入。
若加州胜诉，传统车企可能被迫开发不同车型系列以适应美国两套相互矛盾的监管方案。行业游说组织“汽车创新联盟”（Alliance for Automotive Innovation）认为，这将限制消费者的车型选择，并将加州规则称为“无法问责、无法实现的监管黑洞”。
曾共同创立倡导组织“全美电动汽车联盟”（EVs for All America）的前共和党策略师迈克·墨菲（Mike Murphy）表示，加州与联邦政府的僵局凸显了车企正被“政治变动”夹在中间，这打乱了其车型开发和生产计划。自特朗普当选以来，车企已在电动汽车投资上计提550亿美元减值损失。
“我听到他们所有人都说，‘这种短期行为正在摧毁我们’，”他说，“我们在华盛顿就像被猴子操纵着，很难制定计划。”
白宫发言人泰勒·罗杰斯（Taylor Rogers）称加州的诉讼…
US automakers caught in crossfire of Trump, California EV battle
February 19, 2026 11:02 AM UTC / Reuters
- California lawsuit alleges Trump illegally stripped state’s power to restrict auto pollution
- If California wins, automakers could face conflicting federal and California EV regulations
- Eleven other states follow California’s zero-emission vehicle mandates, raising the legal stakes
LOS ANGELES, Feb 19 (Reuters) – A legal clash between the Trump administration and California over auto-pollution rules is coming to a head, with enormous financial implications for EV makers including Tesla and traditional automakers dependent on fossil-fuel vehicles.
California is challenging an unorthodox move by congressional Republicans to kill a waiver allowing the state to enact its own emissions regulations. If California wins, it could force U.S. automakers to comply with two diametrically opposed regulatory schemes: President Donald Trump’s anti-EV policy and California’s pro-EV regime, which 11 other states have adopted.
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California aims to require automakers to sell 100% EVs or other zero-emission vehicles by 2035, with aggressive interim targets that were set to begin this year. The Trump administration, by contrast, has killed federal EV subsidies and policy incentives – crashing electric-vehicle sales nationally.
California has set its own, tougher auto-pollution rules for decades with bipartisan federal support. Under recent Democratic administrations, those rules largely aligned with federal policies promoting EVs and more fuel-efficient vehicles.
Now, California and federal regulations are heading in opposite directions. Trump eased some emissions regulations in his first term only to see those efforts reversed by Democratic President Joe Biden. Now, in his second term, Trump is taking a scorched-earth approach to federal EV support.
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Congressional Republicans last year killed a $7,500-per-EV subsidy and eliminated penalties on automakers failing to meet fuel-efficiency standards. Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) last week overturned an Obama-era scientific finding that greenhouse gas emissions endanger human health — the foundation of EPA vehicle-pollution rules first adopted in 2010.
Ending the California waiver is essential to Trump’s strategy, but the state’s lawsuit alleges Congress has done it illegally. The administration filed a motion to dismiss the case that is scheduled for a federal-court hearing on Thursday in Oakland, California.
California argues Trump’s EPA and Congress used a sleight-of-hand to reclassify California’s waivers as administrative “rules,” subject to reversal under the Congressional Review Act. For decades, the EPA noted in its California decisions that the waiver is “not a rule” and the act “does not apply” – a key point of California’s lawsuit.
If the administration wins, traditional automakers would face less pressure to sell money-losing EVs in California and the 11 other states, which together account for 29% of U.S. new-vehicle sales, according to data provider S&P Global Mobility. Tesla and other EV makers could lose critical revenue from selling regulatory credits to other automakers that use them for compliance.
If California wins, traditional automakers could be forced to develop different model lineups to suit two contradictory regulatory schemes in the United States. The Alliance for Automotive Innovation, an industry lobby group, argues that would restrict consumer vehicle choice and has called the California rules an “unaccountable, unachievable regulatory wormhole.”
Mike Murphy, a former Republican strategist who co-founded the advocacy group EVs for All America, said the California-federal standoff highlights how automakers are being “whipsawed” by political shifts that upend their model-development and manufacturing plans. Since Trump’s election, automakers have taken $55 billion in writedowns on EV investments.
“What I hear from all of them is, ‘This short-termism is killing us,’” he said. “We have a monkey at the controls in Washington, and it’s very hard to plan.”
White House spokeswoman Taylor Rogers called California’s lawsuit
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