2026年2月14日 美国东部时间上午12:57 / 路透社
2月13日（路透社）- 特朗普政府周五发布了其重振美国造船业及其他海事业务的计划，部分资金将来自对经中国制造的船舶运送至美国的货物征收的港口费用——这是美中两国同意暂停一年的关税。
《海事行动计划》为美国造船业的复兴提供了路线图。自二战以来，美国造船业规模已大幅缩减，目前严重落后于中国及其他国家。
该计划超过30页，呼吁建立海事繁荣区以促进投资、改革劳动力培训和教育、扩大美国建造和悬挂美国国旗的商用船舶船队、通过海事安全信托基金建立专门的资金来源，并减少监管。
特朗普政府去年年初宣布计划对与中国相关的船舶征收费用，以削弱中国对全球海事行业的控制，并为美国造船业的复兴提供资金。所谓的第301条关税是在美国一项调查得出中国利用不公平政策和做法主导全球航运的结论后实施的。
这些费用引发了全球航运业的强烈反对，并加剧了全球两大经济体之间的紧张关系，于10月14日开始实施，预计每年将从驶往美国港口的中国建造船舶中创收约32亿美元。但中国以对与美国相关的船舶征收自己的港口费用作为报复，这种针锋相对的收费扰乱了全球航运。不久之后，双方达成协议，将征收暂停12个月。
周五，造船厂业主、投资者以及两党共同发起《美国繁荣与安全造船及港口基础设施法案》（SHIPS法案）的议员们对唐纳德·特朗普总统的海事计划表示欢迎，尽管该计划比预期晚了几个月出台。
来自印第安纳州的共和党议员托德·扬表示，特朗普的愿景与该计划中提出的法律有大量重叠，他去年与亚利桑那州民主党议员马克·凯利及其他议员重新提出了这项法案。
重要的是，《SHIPS法案》将设立海事安全信托基金，将港口费用收入再投资于海事安全和基础设施项目，如造船厂振兴。该法案在华盛顿获得了民主党和共和党议员的罕见支持，但尚未取得迅速进展。
扬表示：“今天的宣布应该成为国会迅速就该法案采取行动的警钟，以便提供使该计划成为现实所需的法律授权和资源。‘是时候重新打造美国船舶了。’”
报道：丽莎·贝尔特莱因；编辑：克里斯·里斯和乔纳森·奥蒂斯
Trump administration releases Maritime Action Plan aimed at resurrecting US shipbuilding
February 14, 2026 12:57 AM UTC / Reuters
Feb 13 (Reuters) – The Trump administration on Friday released its plan to rebuild U.S. shipbuilding and other maritime businesses, paid for in part by port fees on cargo delivered to the United States on ships made in China – levies the U.S. and China agreed to pause for one year.
The Maritime Action Plan offers a road map for the revival of U.S. shipbuilding, which has shrunk since World War Two and now severely lags China and other nations.
Coming in at more than 30 pages, the plan calls for establishing maritime prosperity zones to bolster investment, reforming workforce training and education, expanding the fleet of U.S.-built and U.S.-flagged commercial ships, establishing a dedicated funding stream through a Maritime Security Trust Fund and reducing regulations.
The Trump administration early last year announced plans to levy fees on China-linked ships to loosen the country’s grip on the global maritime industry and help pay for a U.S. shipbuilding renaissance. The so-called Section 301 penalties followed a U.S. probe that concluded China uses unfair policies and practices to dominate global shipping.
The fees, which sparked intense pushback from the global shipping industry and intensified tensions between the world’s two largest economies, hit on October 14 and were expected to generate an estimated $3.2 billion annually from Chinese-built vessels sailing to U.S. ports. But China retaliated with its own port fees on U.S.-linked ships and the tit-for-tat fees disrupted global shipping. Soon after, the two sides struck a deal to put the levies on hold for 12 months.
On Friday, Shipyard owners, investors and the bipartisan sponsors of the Shipbuilding and Harbor Infrastructure for Prosperity and Security (SHIPS) for America Act welcomed President Donald Trump’s maritime plan, which landed months later than hoped.
U.S. Senator Todd Young, a Republican from Indiana, said there is substantial overlap between Trump’s vision and the plan in that proposed law, which he reintroduced last year with Democratic Senator Mark Kelly of Arizona and other lawmakers.
Importantly, the SHIPS Act would establish a Maritime Security Trust Fund to reinvest port fee proceeds into maritime security and infrastructure projects such as shipyard revitalization. It has rare backing from both Democratic and Republican lawmakers in Washington, but has not made swift progress.
“The announcement today should serve as a wake-up call for Congress to act quickly on this bill in order to provide the legal authorities and resources necessary to make this plan a reality,” Young said. “It’s time to make American ships again.”
Reporting by Lisa Baertlein; Editing by Chris Reese and Jonathan Oatis
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