2026年2月13日 下午5:07 UTC / 路透社
华盛顿，2月13日（路透社） – 唐纳德·特朗普总统撤销联邦气候监管的基础，将立即使汽车制造商摆脱昂贵的尾气管排放标准，但这一举措可能引发诉讼，并迫使企业在多个州和地区规则构成的不确定未来中艰难前行。
特朗普政府的环境保护局周四最终敲定了撤销车辆”危害认定”的决定。2009年，该认定将温室气体排放认定为危害人类健康。这一认定赋予了该机构监管车辆排放以及其他燃烧或生产化石燃料行业排放的权力。
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特朗普称这是该国历史上”最大规模的放松管制行动”，将为企业节省超过1万亿美元的合规成本。环保组织谴责这一举措，而一些行业团体对此表示欢呼，另一些则持谨慎态度。
路透社采访的十名律师和分析师表示，企业将面临坎坷的道路，他们提到即将到来的法庭挑战，以及州和地区排放规则的拼凑可能取代联邦规则的可能性。
“联邦层面的撤销将对15年的监管进展造成前所未有的破坏，威胁到公众健康、地方社区、行业、自然资源和公共投资，”正考虑提起诉讼的加利福尼亚州总检察长罗布·邦塔（Rob Bonta）表示。
谨慎的反应
特朗普的第一届政府并未寻求重新审查”危害认定”，因为行业团体反对这一举措，当时的EPA代理总法律顾问大卫·福图希（David Fotouhi）表示，这种破坏风险太大。
EPA在周四的新闻稿中表示，在最高法院的案件（如Loper Bright Enterprises诉Raimondo案）认定国会而非行政机构应做出这一决定后，此次行动更为大胆。
EPA的决定得到了一些代表小型石油和天然气运营商的行业团体的赞扬——美国独立石油协会和马塞勒斯页岩协会。为内燃机车辆提供设备的公司贸易组织特种装备市场协会（SEMA）表示，这将”直接影响未来几年新车辆的选择范围”。
环保组织抨击了这一举措，并指出一些主要行业团体也似乎不支持。
自然资源保护委员会高级律师大卫·多尼格（David Doniger）指出，福特和本田去年秋天的公开评论显示，两家汽车制造商都支持保留这一认定，以确保稳定的监管环境。
“他们担心政治摇摆在几年内会回摆，”多尼格说。
本田未回应关于EPA决定的置评请求。福特赞扬政府解决了”当前排放标准与客户选择之间的不平衡”，但表示其一直倡导单一的国家排放标准，而非单独的州标准。
美国汽车创新联盟周四未支持特朗普政府撤销”危害认定”的决定，但表示”前政府制定的汽车排放法规鉴于当前市场对电动汽车的需求，对汽车制造商而言实现起来极具挑战性。”
美国石油学会表示，它并未倡导撤销”危害认定”，但支持政府终止汽车的电动汽车强制要求的行动。
API政策与监管事务高级副总裁达斯汀·迈耶（Dustin Meyer）在一份声明中表示，该贸易组织支持对排放的联邦监管——包括石油和天然气行业的甲烷排放。
“我们现在的重点是制定可持续的政策，在满足不断增长的能源需求的同时减少排放，”他说。
美国商会周四表示，将需要几天时间分析该规则及其影响。
“虽然我们没有要求EPA重新审查并撤销该机构2009年的危害认定，但我们正在仔细审查这一最终规则的细节，并将与我们的成员合作，评估其长期影响，”美国商会全球能源研究所所长马蒂·杜宾（Marty Durbin）表示。
代表美国大型投资者拥有的公用事业公司的爱迪生电气协会表示：”我们正在审查这一新举措，并将继续与政府合作，加强电网可靠性并降低所有客户的能源成本。”
爱迪生电气协会去年在公开评论中表示，撤销”危害认定”可能为区域监管和法律行动的拼凑打开大门。
加利福尼亚大学法学院环境法教授安·卡尔森（Ann Carlson）同意这一评估，称监管温室气体的联邦权力将不再优先于州的行动。
“如果温室气体不受《清洁空气法》的约束，就有论点认为各州可以独立对其进行监管，”她说。
报道：瓦莱丽·沃尔科维奇（Valerie Volcovici）；补充报道：大卫·谢泼德森（David Shepardson）；编辑：大卫·格雷戈里奥（David Gregorio）
我们的标准：汤姆森路透社信任原则。
Trump EPA ends emissions limits for US automakers; state rules, lawsuits could follow
February 13, 2026 5:07 PM UTC / Reuters
WASHINGTON, Feb 13 (Reuters) – President Donald Trump’s repeal of the foundation for federal climate regulation will immediately free automakers from costly tailpipe emissions standards, but the move could spark lawsuits and force businesses to navigate an uncertain future of multiple state and regional rules.
Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday finalized its repeal of the “endangerment finding” for vehicles, a 2009 determination that greenhouse gas emissions endanger human health. The finding gave the agency authority to regulate emissions from vehicles, as well as other sectors that burn or produce fossil fuels.
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Trump said the country’s “biggest deregulatory action” in history would save companies over $1 trillion in compliance costs. Environmental groups denounced the move, which was cheered by some industry groups but greeted with caution by others.
Ten lawyers and analysts interviewed by Reuters said companies face a bumpy ride, citing imminent court challenges and the possibility that a patchwork of state and regional emissions rules will replace one federal rule.
“This federal withdrawal will cause an unprecedented disruption to 15 years of regulatory progress, threatening public health, local communities, industries, natural resources, and public investments,” said Rob Bonta, attorney general for the state of California, which is weighing a lawsuit.
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Matthew Leopold, an environmental attorney at Holland & Knight who had served as EPA general counsel during Trump’s first administration, said company strategies for adjusting to the repeal will depend on how quickly legal challenges reach and are resolved by the U.S. Supreme Court.
He said utilities and other big emitters will seek a clearer understanding of the implications.
“While this initial rulemaking is focused on motor vehicle regulation, it will have ripple effects on other EPA programs as well. It’s the foundation of all EPA greenhouse gas regulation in all sectors,” said Leopold.
The EPA has relied on the endangerment finding to regulate power plants, vehicle manufacturers and oil and gas operations. Transport and power make up about half of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions.
Trump has called climate change a “con job” and withdrawn the U.S., the world’s biggest historic emitter, from international efforts to combat it.
CAUTIOUS REACTION
Trump’s first administration did not seek to revisit the endangerment finding, as industry groups opposed the move and then-EPA Acting General Counsel David Fotouhi said the disruption was too risky.
The EPA was bolder this time after Supreme Court cases such as Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo found Congress, not administrative agencies, should make that determination, the agency said in a press release on Thursday.
The EPA decision drew praise from some industry groups representing smaller oil and gas operators – the Independent Petroleum Association of America and the Marcellus Shale Association. The trade group for companies that supply equipment for internal combustion engine vehicles called the Specialty Equipment Market Association, or SEMA, said it will “directly impact the range of new vehicle choices that exist in the coming years.”
Environmental groups blasted the move and noted that some major industry groups did not appear to be on board either.
David Doniger, senior attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council, pointed to public comments from Ford and Honda last fall. Both automakers supported keeping the finding in place to ensure a stable regulatory environment.
“They’re worried about the political pendulum swinging back in a few years,” Doniger said.
Honda did not respond to a request for comment on the EPA’s decision. Ford praised the administration for addressing the “imbalance between current emissions standards and customer choice” but said it has advocated a single national emission standard instead of separate state standards.
The Alliance for Automotive Innovation did not endorse the Trump endangerment repeal on Thursday but said “automotive emissions regulations finalized in the previous administration are extremely challenging for automakers to achieve given the current marketplace demand for EVs.”
The American Petroleum Institute said it had not advocated for a repeal of the endangerment finding but supported the administration’s action to end electric vehicle mandates for autos.
API Senior Vice President of Policy and Regulatory Affairs Dustin Meyer said in a statement that the trade group supports federal regulation of emissions – including methane from oil and gas operations.
“Our focus now is working on durable policies that reduce emissions while meeting growing energy demand,” he said.
The Chamber of Commerce said on Thursday it will take a few days to analyze the rule and its impact.
“While we did not call for the EPA to revisit and rescind the agency’s 2009 Endangerment Finding, we are carefully reviewing the specifics of this final rule and will engage with our members to assess its implications and impacts over the long term,” said Marty Durbin, president of the Global Energy Institute at the Chamber.
The Edison Electric Institute, representing big U.S. investor-owned utilities, said “We are reviewing this new action and will continue to work with the Administration to strengthen grid reliability and lower energy costs for all customers.”
In public comments last year, EEI said repealing the endangerment finding could open the door to a regional patchwork of regulation and legal action.
Ann Carlson, environmental law professor at the University of California law school, agreed with that assessment, saying that federal authority to regulate greenhouse gases would no longer preempt state actions.
“If greenhouse gases aren’t subject to the Clean Air Act, there’s an argument that states could then regulate them independently,” she said.
Reporting by Valerie Volcovici; additional reporting by David Shepardson; Editing by David Gregorio
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
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