更新于：2026年1月27日 / 美国东部时间下午6:53 / CBS新闻
人口普查局的最新数据显示，由于特朗普总统的驱逐政策和边境管控加强，美国人口在新冠疫情开始以来增长速度最为缓慢。
从2024年7月至2025年7月，美国人口增长了180万，增幅约为0.5%，这在很大程度上是由于净移民数量下降所致。在此期间，移民人口增长了130万，而此前12个月的增幅为270万。尽管净移民数量仍高于疫情前水平，但人口普查局预测，如果当前趋势持续，到2026年7月，净移民数量可能降至32.1万。
美国移民人口在过去50多年里一直呈增长趋势。拜登政府期间，边境过境人数创历史新高，净移民数量大幅增加，直到2024年实施了庇护申请限制等政策，才减缓了这一增长势头。
人口统计专家告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻网，这些变化——以及在特朗普政府领导下大规模驱逐行动的配合——导致移民数量下降并不令人意外。在这之前，美国与非法越境者的执法遭遇达到了历史最低点。
“最大的发现是，哇，特朗普政府，甚至拜登政府的政策变化都产生了重大影响，”移民研究中心主任史蒂文·卡梅罗塔说，“这看起来确实是反映政策变化的根本性转变。”
皮尤研究中心种族与民族研究主任马克·雨果·洛佩兹也同意移民数量下降是对政策转变的反应，但他补充说，全球因素也对美国移民产生影响。他表示，新冠疫情后几年移民激增，部分反映了“疫情期间各国关闭边境所积压的需求”，而其他国家的政策变化可能使它们比美国更吸引移民。
几十年来，美国人口增长一直在放缓，很大程度上是因为出生率下降。新数据显示这一趋势仍在继续，但移民对生育力下降的补偿作用已不如前几年那么明显。
2024年7月至2025年7月期间，出生人口比死亡人口多51.9万，与前一年相比相对稳定，但与本世纪初相比有显著下降。2017年，出生人口比死亡人口多近110万。
卡梅罗塔表示，虽然人口增长放缓可能有利于环境并缓解住房成本，但随着劳动力和消费者群体缩小，一些企业可能会面临困难。洛佩兹也指出了移民对劳动力的影响。
“移民对推动美国人口增长、劳动力增长以及该国特定技能的构建都至关重要，”洛佩兹强调道，“尤其是农业、制造业和科技行业的工作。”
几乎所有州的人口增长都有所放缓，其中5个州出现人口下降，佛蒙特州降幅最大，为0.3%。夏威夷、西弗吉尼亚州、新墨西哥州和加利福尼亚州也出现小幅人口下降。
与此同时，根据人口普查局的数据，南卡罗来纳州人口增长最快，去年增长了1.5%，人口普查局称这得益于其他州的人口迁移。爱达荷州、北卡罗来纳州和得克萨斯州也实现了人口增长，并且在2023年至2024年期间也跻身人口增长最快的州前十。
U.S. sees slowest population growth since 2021 due to decreased immigration
Updated on: January 27, 2026 / 6:53 PM EST / CBS News
The United States population experienced its slowest growth since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic amid President Trump’s deportation and border crackdown, new data from the Census Bureau show.
The nation’s population grew by 1.8 million people, or about 0.5%, from July 2024 to July 2025, driven largely by a decline in net immigration. The immigrant population grew by 1.3 million over that timeframe, compared with a 2.7 million increase over the 12 months prior. While net immigration still remains above pre-pandemic levels, the Census Bureau projects that it could drop to 321,000 by July 2026, if current trends continue.
The U.S. immigration population had previously been growing for more than 50 years. Net immigration ballooned during the Biden administration, when border crossings hit record highs, until policies enacted in 2024, such as restrictions on asylum applications, slowed that growth.
Those changes, which preceded record-low encountersbetween law enforcement and those who entered the U.S illegally at the southern border, in conjunction with widespread deportations under Mr. Trump, made a decline in immigration unsurprising, demographics experts told CBS News.
“The big takeaway is, wow, the Trump administration and even the end of the Biden administration made a big difference,” said Steven Camarota, the Director of Research at the Center for Immigration Studies. “It sure looks like we’re seeing a fundamental change that reflects policy.”
Mark Hugo Lopez, Director of Race and Ethnicity Research at the Pew Research Center, agreed that the immigration decline was a response to policy shifts, but added that global factors play a role in U.S. immigration as well. Some of the surge in the years following the COVID-19 outbreak reflected “pent-up demand” from when countries closed their borders during the pandemic, he said, while policy changes in other countries could make them more attractive to migrants than the U.S.
U.S. population growth has been slowing for decades, in large part because birth rates have declined. The new figures show that trend continuing, but without migrants compensating for the fertility declines as much as they had been in previous years.
Births outpaced deaths by 519,000 between July 2024 and July 2025, which is relatively stable compared to the year before, but a significant decline compared to earlier this decade. In 2017, nearly 1.1 million more people were born than died.
Camarota said that while slowed population growth could benefit the environment and ease housing costs, some businesses may struggle as the pool of workers and consumers shrinks. Lopez also noted immigrants’ impact on the workforce.
“Immigration has been important for driving U.S. population growth, but also U.S. labor force growth and the building of particular skillsets in the country,” Lopez said, highlighting farm work, manufacturing and tech jobs.
Population growth slowed in nearly every state and declined in five, with Vermont experiencing the largest decline at 0.3%. Hawaii, West Virginia, New Mexico and California also saw small population declines.
Meanwhile, South Carolina’s population is growing the fastest, according to the Census Bureau. Its population rose 1.5% last year, which the Census Bureau said was fueled by people migrating from other states. Idaho, North Carolina and Texas also saw gains, after ranking in the top 10 fastest-growing states between 2023 and 2024 as well.
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