2026-01-21T00:22:45.444Z / CNN
达沃斯，瑞士—
在对美国盟友就格陵兰岛问题发出数日威胁后，唐纳德·特朗普总统将在达沃斯面临一场紧急外交干预。
三位知情人士告诉CNN，欧洲高级官员正计划利用本周全球精英年度峰会作为舞台，以避免一场迅速升温的危机，这场危机已使欧洲大陆陷入紧张状态—并且可能威胁到其与美国长达七十年联盟的存续。
盟友们采取这一行动之际，即便是特朗普阵营内部的一些人也私下对总统的言辞表示疑虑，并寻求缓和的途径。
短期内，欧洲人的紧急努力旨在缓和特朗普誓言对任何反对其“完全掌控”格陵兰岛的盟友施加新关税后的紧张局势。但同时，这也是为了试图将总统的注意力从其对丹麦领土的诉求上转移开。
2026年1月17日，人们在努克的美国领事馆前抗议特朗普的格陵兰政策。
埃夫根尼·马洛莱卡/美联社
特朗普的顾问和西方外交官们重点考虑的方案包括扩大现有条约，允许美国在该岛上建立军事基地和其他资源设施，以及增加商业和经济协议。据知情人士透露，这样的结果将包括某种签约仪式，让总统能够展示一项成就。
另一个讨论的方案是让格陵兰岛加入《自由联合条约》，这将允许其在维持当前地位的同时，为美国提供扩大的安全准入，并换取经济援助。帕劳、马绍尔群岛和密克罗尼西亚联邦均与美国达成了此类协议。
还有早期讨论建议重新谈判1951年美国、丹麦和格陵兰岛之间的协议，明确规定格陵兰岛不会有中国投资，这些人表示。
尽管丹麦几乎没有表现出放弃其领土的意愿，但过去几周，一些特朗普政府高级官员一直在制定一项购买该岛的提案，这些人表示。
2026年1月20日，在白宫举行的新闻发布会上，唐纳德·特朗普总统在记者提问时指认。
内森·霍华德/路透社
将于周三早些时候抵达达沃斯的特朗普周二离开前告诉记者，他将在那里举行一系列关于格陵兰岛的会议，预测他将达成一项“对所有人都非常有利”的协议。他声称北约将“非常高兴”，并且抗议美国吞并威胁的格陵兰岛居民将“欣喜若狂”。
据熟悉计划的消息人士称，与特朗普建立密切关系的北约秘书长马克·吕特（Mark Rutte）预计将在峰会期间与总统进行一对一会面。
然而，尽管特朗普做出乐观预测，他仍在继续坚持其分裂性要求，周二再次坚称“我们需要”格陵兰岛。当被问及他愿意为获得对这个北极岛屿的控制权走多远时，特朗普只是说：“你会发现的”，然后暗示如果美国最高法院驳回他使用关税的请求，他可能会考虑其他选择。
白宫发言人安娜·凯利在一份声明中称美国获得格陵兰岛可能对北约有利，认为“如果格陵兰岛掌握在美国手中，北约将变得更加强大和有效，而格陵兰岛居民若受到美国在北极地区免受现代威胁的保护，将得到更好的服务。”
欧洲盟友寻求反击途径
但在与美国关系最密切的欧洲盟友中，对于如何在总统加剧侵略时进行反击，目前仍没有明确共识。
“他们必须做出回应，”全球风险评估公司欧亚集团总裁伊恩·布雷默（Ian Bremmer）表示。“他们可以做很多事情，但必须愿意以足够的规模和力度来采取行动，以产生影响。”
未来48小时内即将出现的对峙凸显了欧洲国家现在如何严肃看待特朗普在持续攻击全球多位领导人时发出的帝国式威胁。
在经历了一年中大多数美国盟友寻求安抚特朗普而非抵制他的局面后，格陵兰岛的紧张局势也迫使欧洲一些人改变了策略—他们认为在许多情况下，屈从于他的命令比冒着直接冲突的风险更值得。
2021年9月11日，格陵兰岛Qeqertarsuatsiaat峡湾附近的一个勘探现场，工人正在钻探。
汉尼拔·汉施克/路透社
特朗普长期以来一直宣称格陵兰岛对美国国家安全至关重要，并且因其丰富的矿产资源而极具价值。但上周，他发誓要对八个欧洲国家加征关税，并随后公开抨击挪威和法国领导人，这一诉求达到了新高度。
总统试图在经济上惩罚盟友的行为在欧洲引起了警觉，官员们警告称，此举可能会分裂涵盖欧洲和北美32个成员国的长期北约联盟。
在达沃斯的一次演讲中，法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙谴责“无休止的新关税累积，这从根本上是不可接受的—尤其是当它们被用作威胁领土主权的工具时”。
与此同时，欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩在世界经济论坛上发表讲话时呼吁建立“一种新形式的欧洲独立性”。
“威胁实施经济制裁意味着这一问题已从抽象的议题和外交危机演变为真正的经济和政治危机，”大西洋理事会欧洲中心非驻会高级研究员埃里克·布拉特伯格（Erik Brattberg）表示。“虽然仍希望避免进一步升级，但他们也感到需要表明立场，坚持原则。”
在欧洲外交圈内部，官员们已考虑了一系列可能的回应措施，首先是实施930亿欧元（约合1090亿美元）的报复性关税。但知情人士称，欧盟在去年与美国达成贸易协议后推迟了这一计划。
2026年1月15日，丹麦皇家海军的HDMS Knud Rasmussen号军舰在格陵兰岛努克附近巡逻。
埃夫根尼·马洛莱卡/美联社
然而，除了这一初步措施外，如果特朗普持续推进对格陵兰岛的诉求，如何最好地威慑他仍缺乏明确的共识。这些国家可能会通过加大抛售美国国债或对美国公司施加额外限制来寻求经济报复。他们甚至可能限制美国进入欧洲军事基地，或退出特朗普经常吹嘘为个人骄傲的即将举行的世界杯，知情人士称。
欧盟还拥有另一套专门用于惩罚被认为试图胁迫欧盟的国家的严厉经济措施。但使用这一被称为“反胁迫工具”的工具需要多步骤的批准程序，并且被广泛视为最后的手段。
欧洲官员反而主要希望特朗普能在事态发展到这一步之前找到缓和的途径。
在特朗普身边的一些人看来，他是在虚张声势—看看他能在多大程度上实现自己的目标—并且没有进行军事干预的意愿。但这仍然引发了担忧，即特朗普的激进行动可能会不可挽回地损害关键关系。
尽管大西洋两岸的官员都在推进外交途径，但由于特朗普宣称对格陵兰岛的完全拥有现在具有“心理”重要性—并且是他越来越渴望的胜利—这仍然是一个微妙的问题。
“这是一种忧虑，”布雷默总结了欧洲官员在准备迎接特朗普抵达达沃斯时的心情。“没有人知道他会说什么—包括他自己可能也不知道。”
CNN的克里斯汀·福尔摩斯（Kristen Holmes）和凯莉·阿特伍德（Kylie Atwood）对此报道有贡献。
更正： 本文已更正，以反映《反胁迫工具》需要多步骤流程。此前版本错误地称其需要全票支持。
Trump set to face a diplomatic intervention on Greenland in Davos
2026-01-21T00:22:45.444Z / CNN
Davos, Switzerland—
An urgent diplomatic intervention is awaiting President Donald Trump in Davos after days spent hurling threats at US allies over Greenland.
Top European officials are planning to use this week’s annual summit of global elites as their staging ground for averting a fast-blooming crisis that has put the continent on edge — and may now threaten the survival of its seven-decade alliance with the United States, three people familiar with the discussions told CNN.
That push from allies comes as even some in Trump’s orbit have expressed private misgivings over the president’s rhetoric and have sought an off-ramp.
In the near term, the Europeans’ emergency effort aims to de-escalate tensions following Trump’s vow to slap new tariffs on any ally that opposes his push for “complete and total control” of Greenland. But it’s also about trying to divert the president generally from his campaign for the Danish territory.
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People protest Trump’s Greenland policy in front of the US Consulate in Nuuk on January 17, 2026.
Evgeniy Maloletka/AP
Among the paths that Trump advisers and Western diplomats have focused on are expanding existing treaties that allow the US to place military bases and other resources on the island, along with adding commercial and economic agreements. Such an outcome would include some type of signing ceremony that would allow the president to showcase an accomplishment, according to people familiar with the matter.
Another option that has been discussed is placing Greenland under a Compact of Free Association, which would allow it to maintain its current status while still providing the US expanded security access in exchange for financial assistance. Palau, the Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia fall under such an agreement with the US.
There have also been early discussions about suggesting the renegotiation of the 1951 agreement between the US, Denmark and Greenland to clearly state there would be no Chinese investments in Greenland, these people said.
And while Denmark has shown little inclination to giving up its territory, some senior Trump administration officials have worked over the past several weeks on a proposal to purchase the island, these people said.
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President Donald Trump points as reporters ask questions during a press briefing at the White House on January 20, 2026.
Nathan Howard/Reuters
Trump — who arrives in Davos early Wednesday — told reporters before leaving Tuesday that he’ll hold a series of meetings on Greenland while there, predicting he’d strike a deal that’s “very good for everybody.” He claimed NATO would be “very happy” and that Greenlanders, who’ve protested threats of American annexation, will be “thrilled.”
NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte, who has worked to establish a close relationship with Trump, is among those expected to meet with the president one-on-one on the sidelines of the summit, sources familiar with the plans said.
Yet despite Trump’s sunny projections, he has continued to double down on his divisive demands, insisting again Tuesday that “we need” Greenland. Asked how far he was willing to go to gain control of the Arctic island, Trump said only: “You’ll find out,” before suggesting he could look at alternative options if the US Supreme Court rules against his use of tariffs.
In a statement, White House spokesperson Anna Kelly cast the US’ acquisition of Greenland as a potential boon for NATO, arguing it “becomes far more formidable and effective with Greenland in the hands of the United States, and Greenlanders would be better served if protected by the United States from modern threats in the Arctic region.”
European allies search for ways to push back
But among the US’ closest European allies, there’s still no clear consensus for how to push back should the president intensify his aggression.
“They have to respond,” said Ian Bremmer, the president of global risk assessment firm Eurasia Group. “And there’s lots of things they can do, but they have to be willing to do them with sufficient numbers and force that it makes the difference.”
The standoff set to play out over the next 48 hours underscores the seriousness with which European nations are now viewing Trump’s imperial threats amid his sustained attacks on various global leaders.
Tensions over Greenland have also forced a shift in calculation among some in Europe following a year in which most US allies sought to appease Trump rather than resist him — reasoning that in many cases it was worth acceding to his commands rather than risking direct conflict.
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Workers drill at an exploration site close to the Qeqertarsuatsiaat fjord in Greenland, on September 11, 2021.
Hannibal Hanschke/Reuters
Trump has long argued Greenland is critical for US national security and valuable for its vast mineral reserves. But that push hit a new level over the last week with his vow to hit eight European countries with tariffs and his subsequent public missives against the leaders of Norway and France.
The president’s bid to penalize allies economically has prompted alarm across Europe, with officials warning that such a move could fracture the long-standing NATO alliance that encompasses 32 member states across Europe and North America.
During a speech in Davos, French President Emmanuel Macron decried the “endless accumulation of new tariffs that are fundamentally unacceptable — even more so when they are used as leverage against territorial sovereignty.”
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen used her address at the World Economic Forum, meanwhile, to call for building “a new form of European independence.”
“Threatening to impose economic sanctions means it has moved beyond an abstract issue and a diplomatic crisis into a real economic and political crisis,” said Erik Brattberg, a nonresident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council’s Europe Center. “There’s still a desire to avoid further escalation, but they also feel the need to take a stand and put their foot down.”
Within European diplomatic circles, officials have weighed a range of possible responses, beginning with the imposition of €93 billion ($109 billion) of retaliatory tariffs that the European Union postponed after reaching a trade deal with the US last year, the people familiar with the discussions said.
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Military vessel HDMS Knud Rasmussen of the Royal Danish Navy patrols near Nuuk, Greenland, on January 15, 2026.
Evgeniy Maloletka/AP
Yet beyond that initial step, there is far less certainty over how best to deter Trump if he mounts a sustained campaign for Greenland. The nations could seek financial payback by stepping up sales of US treasuries or put additional restrictions on US companies. They could even limit American access to European military bases or pull out of the upcoming World Cup that Trump has frequently touted as a point of personal pride, the people familiar said.
The EU also possesses another set of harsh economic measures designed specifically to punish countries that it determines are trying to coerce the bloc. But wielding that tool — called the Anti-Coercion Instrument — would require a multi-step approval process and is widely seen as a tactic of last resort.
European officials instead are largely hoping Trump will take an off-ramp before it gets to that point.
Among some people around Trump, there’s a belief that he’s posturing — seeing how far he can go to get what he wants — and that there’s no appetite for military intervention. But that’s still sparked concern that Trump’s aggressive efforts could irreparably harm critical relationships.
And even as officials on both sides of the Atlantic push ahead on diplomatic routes, it remains a delicate matter given Trump’s declaration that outright ownership of Greenland is now of “psychological” importance — and a victory he increasingly craves.
“It’s trepidation,” Bremmer said, summing up the mood among European officials girding themselves for Trump’s arrival in Davos. “Nobody knows what he’s going to say — including, maybe, him.”
CNN’s Kristen Holmes and Kylie Atwood contributed to this report.
Correction:This story has been corrected to reflect that the Anti-Coercion Instrument would require a multi-step process. An earlier version of the article incorrectly said it needed unanimous support.
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