By 路透社
2026年3月2日 美国东部时间下午5:50 更新于2小时前
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（注：此处为图片占位符，原文链接：https://example.com/20160609_freeport_sp.jpg）
图片说明：2016年6月9日，美国能源部在得克萨斯州弗里波特的战略石油储备库参观期间，背景中飘扬着美国国旗和得克萨斯州州旗，图中可见复杂的原油管道和设备。路透社/Richard Carson 版权购买权，[新标签页打开]
WASHINGTON, March 2 (Reuters) – 尽管美国尚未计划出售战略石油储备（SPR）——这个全球最大的紧急石油储备——的石油，但总统们长期以来在危机时期一直动用它，以试图为美国消费者控制燃油价格。
一位美国消息人士周一表示，现任总统唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）的政府目前并未讨论出售战略石油储备的石油。
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但分析师表示，如果在美国与以色列对 OPEC 成员国伊朗发动袭击，导致伊朗最高领袖阿里·哈梅内伊（Ali Khamenei）和其他高级官员遇袭后油价继续上涨，美国政府可能会重新考虑动用战略石油储备。
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战略石油储备目前持有4.154亿桶石油，其中大部分是含硫量高的酸性原油（sour crude），美国许多炼油厂都具备加工这种原油的能力。这些原油被储存在得克萨斯州和路易斯安那州海岸的地下盐穴中。储备库总容量约为7.14亿桶。
以下是战略石油储备在战争时期的历史动用情况：
俄罗斯入侵乌克兰
2022年3月，俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后的一个月，特朗普的前任总统乔·拜登（Joe Biden）下令在六个月内释放1.8亿桶石油——这是历史上最大规模的战略石油储备出售。拜登和特朗普政府正逐步回购部分石油以恢复储备，但由于国会需要提供更多资金，实际回购量有限。
沙特阿拉伯遇袭
2019年，也门胡塞武装（与伊朗结盟）袭击了沙特阿拉伯，导致全球最大石油出口国沙特阿拉伯的原油产量超过一半中断。当时处于第一任期的特朗普总统表示，他的政府已准备好在必要时动用战略石油储备。但最终这一情况并未发生，因为沙特阿拉伯的阿卜奎伊克（Abqaiq）油田和胡莱伊斯（Khurais）油田的石油产量迅速恢复。
利比亚内战
2011年6月，前总统巴拉克·奥巴马（Barack Obama）下令从战略石油储备中释放3000万桶石油，以抵消石油生产国利比亚内战对全球市场造成的供应中断影响。此次出售与总部位于巴黎的国际能源署（IEA）协调进行，导致其他成员国额外释放了3000万桶石油。
沙漠风暴行动
1990-1991年，在伊拉克入侵科威特后，前总统乔治·H·W·布什（George H.W. Bush）分两阶段出售了约2100万桶石油。1990年10月，美国下令进行390万桶的试探性出售。1991年1月，在以美国为首的联军战机对 OPEC 成员国伊拉克的巴格达和其他军事目标发动空袭（作为“沙漠风暴”行动的一部分）后，布什下令出售3400万桶石油，其中实际售出1730万桶。
报道：Timothy Gardner；编辑：Nia Williams
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（注：原文中“34 million barrels”应为“3400万桶”，“17.3 million barrels”应为“1730万桶”，此处按中文新闻标准调整表述）
How have US presidents tapped the Strategic Petroleum Reserve during war?
By Reuters
March 2, 2026 5:50 PM UTC Updated 2 hours ago
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A maze of crude oil pipe and equipment is seen with the American and Texas flags flying in the background during a tour by the Department of Energy at the Strategic Petroleum Reserve in Freeport, Texas, U.S. June 9, 2016. REUTERS/Richard Carson Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
WASHINGTON, March 2 (Reuters) – While the U.S. has no plans yet to sell oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, the world’s largest emergency oil stockpile, presidents have long tapped it during times of crisis in attempts to control fuel prices for U.S. consumers.
The administration of President Donald Trump is not currently discussing selling oil from the SPR, a U.S. source said on Monday.
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But if oil prices continue to rise following the U.S.-Israeli attacks on OPEC-member Iran that killed Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and other top officials, the administration could take another look, analysts said.
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The SPR currently holds 415.4 million barrels, of mostly sour crude, which has a high sulfur content that many U.S. refineries are geared to process. The crude is held underground in hollowed-out salt caverns on the coasts of Texas and Louisiana. Capacity is about 714 million barrels.
Here’s how the SPR has been used before in times of war:
RUSSIA INVADES UKRAINE
In March 2022, the month after Russia invaded Ukraine, Trump’s predecessor former President Joe Biden ordered the release of 180 million barrels over six months – the largest sale ever from the emergency stash. Biden and Trump have slowly bought some oil to begin to replenish that, but little has been returned as Congress needs to provide more money to do so.
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ATTACK ON SAUDI ARABIA
Yemen’s Iran-aligned Houthis attacked Saudi Arabia in 2019, prompting the shutdown of more than half the crude output in the world’s largest exporter. Trump, then in his first term as president, said his administration stood ready to tap the SPR if needed. Ultimately that did not happen as oil output recovered quickly from Saudi Arabia’s Abqaiq plant and Khurais field.
LIBYA CIVIL WAR
In June 2011, former President Barack Obama ordered the release of 30 million barrels of oil from the reserve to offset disruptions to global markets from civil war in oil producer Libya. That sale was coordinated with the Paris-based International Energy Agency, resulting in an additional 30 million barrel release from other member countries.
OPERATION DESERT STORM
In 1990-1991, after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, former President George H.W. Bush sold about 21 million barrels in two phases. In October 1990, the U.S. ordered a 3.9 million barrel test sale. In January 1991, after U.S. and allied warplanes began attacks against Baghdad and other military targets in OPEC-member Iraq as part of Operation Desert Storm, Bush ordered the sale of 34 million barrels, of which 17.3 million barrels were sold.
Reporting by Timothy Gardner; Editing by Nia Williams
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